How often should personnel handling classified information be refreshed on training?

Personnel handling classified information should be refreshed on training annually or as needed based on changes in policy or procedures because this approach ensures that individuals are up to date with the latest security protocols and understand any new regulations that might affect their responsibilities. Training is crucial in maintaining the integrity of classified information, as it helps to mitigate risks associated with unauthorized access, mishandling, or breaches.

Annual training provides a regular opportunity to reinforce key concepts and practices, thereby enhancing awareness and adherence to security measures. Additionally, the stipulation of "as needed based on changes" allows for flexibility when significant alterations in policies or operational procedures occur, ensuring that personnel receive relevant and timely updates. This proactive approach helps to sustain a secure environment around classified information handling. It contrasts with the less frequent or reactive training schedules indicated in the other options, which may not sufficiently address the dynamic nature of security requirements and the evolving landscape of threats.