What type of information is typically exempt from classification?

Information that is typically exempt from classification includes data that is available in public records. This is because information in public records is already accessible to the general public and does not pose a risk to national security or other sensitive interests if disclosed. The classification system is designed to protect sensitive information that, if released, could harm national security, so anything freely available negates the need for classification.

In contrast, confidential information (the second choice) may still require protection even if it is sensitive by nature. Scientific research information (the third choice) can also be classified, depending on its content and implications for national security. Lastly, information classified by default (the fourth choice) inherently requires protective measures, as it has been deemed sensitive enough to warrant classification. Therefore, public records are the clear choice, as they are not classified and are openly accessible.